Navigating pulmonary nodules: Guidelines on assessing risk and determining next steps in primary care

Authors

• Noah Gordon, Advocate Health - MidwestFollow
• Raisa Munshi, Advocate Health - MidwestFollow
• Mae Leef, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
• Axel W. Joob, Advocate Health - MidwestFollow
• Abdul Hamid Alraiyes, Advocate Health - MidwestFollow

Recommended Citation

Gordon N, Munshi R, Leef M, Joob AW, Alraiyes AH. Navigating pulmonary nodules: Guidelines on assessing risk and determining next steps in primary care. Cleve Clin J Med. 2026;93(8):475-484. Published 2026 Aug 3. doi:10.3949/ccjm.93a.26004

Affiliations

Advocate Lutheran General Hospital

Abstract

Pulmonary nodules are often encountered in primary care during radiographic evaluation of respiratory symptoms, incidental imaging, and lung cancer screening. While most nodules are low risk, accurately identifying nodules that require surveillance, determining appropriate follow-up intervals, and deciding when specialist evaluation and intervention is indicated are challenging.

Type

Article

PubMed ID

42547281