Adapting a community pharmacy intervention to improve medication safety

Maria E. Berbakov, Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Emily L. Hoffins, Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Jamie A. Stone, Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Aaron M. Gilson, Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Jason S. Chladek, Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Taylor L. Watterson, University of Illinois-Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Elin C. Lehnbom, Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Jukrin Moon, Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Richard J. Holden, Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Health Innovation and Implementation Science, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Nora Jacobson, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Olayinka O. Shiyanbola, Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA.
Lauren L. Welch, Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Geriatrics Research Education & Clinical Center, Madison, WI, USA.
Kenneth D. Walker, Advocate Aurora HealthFollow
Joel D. Gollhardt, Advocate Aurora HealthFollow
Michelle A. Chui, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, USA; Sonderegger Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Ave.,Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: michelle.chui@wisc.edu.Follow

Abstract

Background:Community pharmacies are an ideal location to address challenges of over-the counter medication safety, yet many successful interventions are only tested in a few pharmacies without expansion, creating unrealized opportunities to improve patient care on a larger scale. Scaling up to numerous pharmacies can be challenging because each community pharmacy has unique needs and layouts and requires individualized adaptation.

Objectives:This paper reports techniques for (a) adapting a community pharmacy intervention to fit the unique physical layout and patient needs of health system pharmacy sites without increasing staff workload, (b) identifying strategies to gather feedback on adaptations from stakeholders, and c) developing materials to share with pharmacy champions for them to independently implement and sustain the intervention in their organization.

Practice description:The study team collaborated with Aurora Pharmacy, Inc. to develop an intervention designed to increase awareness of safe over-the-counter medication use for older adults.

Practice innovation:Senior Safe, a community pharmacy-based intervention, was designed, implemented, and tested using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment implementation framework.

Evaluation methods:Senior Safe was adapted through pilot testing and a randomized control trial. Feedback was collected from key stakeholders, including pharmacy staff, older adults, and a research advisory group.

Results:A finalized version of Senior Safe, as well as an implementation package, was provided to Aurora Pharmacy to integrate into all 63 sites.

Conclusion:This multi-phase study illustrated that refining an intervention is possible and welcomed by pharmacy staff, but it requires time, resources, and funds to create an impactful, sustainable community pharmacy intervention.

Document Type

Article

PubMed ID

37940099

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